JavaScript String substring()
Examples
Extract a substring from text:
let text = "Hello world!";
let result = text.substring(1, 4);
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Start from position 2:
let result = text.substring(2);
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More examples below.
Definition and Usage
The substring() method extracts characters, between two indices (positions), from a string,
and returns the substring.
The substring() method extracts characters from start to end (exclusive).
The substring() method does not change the original string.
If start is greater than end, arguments are swapped: (4, 1) = (1, 4).
Start or end values less than 0, are treated as 0.
Syntax
string.substring(start, end)
Parameters
| Parameter | Description |
| start | Required. Start position. First character is at index 0. |
| end | Optional. End position (up to, but not including). If omitted: the rest of the string. |
Return Value
| Type | Description |
| A string | A string containing the extracted characters. |
More Examples
If start is greater than end, parameters are swapped:
let result = text.substring(4, 1);
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If "start" is less than 0, it will start from index 0:
let result = text.substring(-3);
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Only the first:
let result = text.substring(0, 1);
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Only the last:
let result = text.substring(text.length - 1);
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Browser Support
substring() is an ECMAScript1 (ES1) feature.
ES1 (JavaScript 1997) is fully supported in all browsers:
| Chrome | IE | Edge | Firefox | Safari | Opera |
| Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
